It is a mechanism for cell deletion in the regulation of cell populations.Īstrocytes are a neuroglial cell of ectodermal origin, characterized by fibrous, protoplasmic, or plasmatofibrous processes. In addition to its presence in organ tissue, alpha smooth muscle actin has been identified in myofibroblasts, where it plays an important role in focal adhesion maturation and in inhibition of cell motility.Īngiogenesis refers to a physiological process involving the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels as in the process of wound healing.Īponeurosis is a thin, flat tendon-like expansion of fascia important in the attachment of muscles to bones, other muscles, and in forming sheaths around muscles.Īponeurotomy is a surgical cutting of an aponeurosis.Īpoptosis is a morphologic pattern of cell death affecting single cells, marked by shrinkage of the cell, condensation of chromatin, formation of cytoplasmic blebs, and fragmentation of the cell into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies that are eliminated by phagocytosis. In its absence, elastase is free to break down elastin.Īlpha smooth muscle actin is an isoform typical of smooth muscle cells and one of six known types of actin. It protects tissues from enzymes of inflammatory cells, especially elastase, and the concentration can rise upon acute inflammation. It polymerizes forming microfilaments that have an array of functions including regulating contractility, motility, cytokinesis, phagocytosis, adhesion, cell morphology, and providing structural support.Īdherens junctions are a type of intercellular junction that links cell membranes and cytoskeletal elements within and between cells, connecting adjacent cells mechanically.Īdhesions are bands of scar-like tissue that form between two surfaces inside the body.Īdhesive capsulitis is an inflammatory condition that restricts motion in the shoulder, commonly referred to as frozen shoulder.Īlpha-1-antitrypsin is a glycoprotein, generally known as serum trypsin inhibitor that inhibits a wide variety of proteases. Actin is a common protein found in many eukaryotic cell types.
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